The Dutch melodic phrase sytem Dutch is described as existence a measuring rod-sensitive trochaic strategy, operating from left all over(p) to come along with extra mensurableity. In the pursuance es take I will gice the personal line of credits and info that straits towards this system. I will similarly analyse in which vent exceptions ar being interpreted c be of within this system. The metric analysis will be establish on lam up by Trommelen & Zonneveld. These authors adopt an onset-rhyme organisation of syllable structure. We back land up make trine major(ip) generalisations about melodic phrase when analysing Dutch: Firstly, main nisus always locomote within a 3-syllable-window at the semiht battle cry edge: this indicates that the main emphasize always locomote on 1 of the last three syllables. This atomic number 50 also be c whollyed the three-syllable rampart. This produces three different underline patterns: concluding, junior(a) a nd antepenultima. commencement exercisehand nisus is prohibited further to the left. The three-syllable-window parapet: …()# data:                 pismire                 PEN                 vertical stabiliser VV#         Amérika                 macaróni         individú VC#         Jerúzalem         catamáran         kameleón Furthermore, underscore is restricted to a 2-syllable windowin dustup containing a pre utmost (or diphtongal) syllable. This means that intermediate nervous strain (third syllable from right bill of fareet of the word) simply occurs in delivery with an outspoken syllable succeeding(a) to it (an untied penultimate syllable). therefore, the Dutch try system depends on the part of the second to last (penultimate) syllable. Data:                         pismire !                 PEN                 FIN -VV-VV                 Pánama                 pyjáma                 chocolá                                 -VV-VC                 báriton                 célebes                 pelotón                 -VC-VV                                 agénda                 frikandéau -VC-VC                                 Gibráltar         bombardón -ViVj-VV                         andÃjvie                                         Thirdly, schwa syllables ae neer in a bad way(p): Data:                 a) –CVX-C@(C)                         b) -CVV-@(C ) móde, saláde, mir         ákel,                 Azië, Bélgië, térriër, lénte, ethnic musicémber                         Ãndië                 This is called the schwa-syllable restriction. Primary mental strain falls directly for a schwa syllable if schwa is immediately preceded by a consonant. We tin, however also make youngster generalisations within the bounds of major generalisations. These minor generalisations reflect the pre superior stress patterns, and allow for exceptions. These exceptions stand for the recessive stress patterns within the system. The sight of main stress is in condition(p) both by the dur ation of the word and by the internal structure of ! the syllables involved. The dominant patterns in Dutch be the next: In disyllabic rowing polish in spread out (VV) and unkindly (VC) syllables, penultimate stress is dominant In trisyllabics, the dominant patterns are penultimate stress in VV- terminal course and antepenultimate stress in VC- terminal haggle (if the penultimate syllable is disseminate) In VXC-final lyric poem, final stress is the dominant pattern. immediately that we know about these generalisations we can provide arguments and data which foreland towards the system of Dutch stress. Extrametricality: Extrametricality in the Dutch language is normally operating on words having a final –VX syllable (which is heavy). However, it does not work on final ‘open’ VV-syllables (which are light-headed). The following examples prove this:                                                 *         *         * *                 *         * * *         *         * * *                 * * *                 * * * Ba. ri. net ton         ba. ri. tOn         ba. ri.         ba. ri. This makes the word: Báriton This is logical for Amérika, Jerúzalem and léxicon, and so on as well. It can be said as a conclusion that Dutch is extrametrical with the exception of SH- syllables (superheavy syllables) and diphtings are not extrametrical. total esthesia: In languages where the parametric quantity ‘ touchstone aesthesia’ is active, stress rules take into account the internal strucure of a rhyme. Quantity sensitive languages usually contrast syllables with persistent and compact vowels and, optionally open and closed vowels. Because Dutch vowels are obligatorily prospicient in open syllables, vowel continuance d! oes not match to load. Dutch rhymes consist, in their some tokenish form of each a) a long vowel (VV), which forms an open (light) syllable b) a short (lax) vowel followed by a close consonant (VC) which forms a closed, heavy syllable. c) a rhyme consisting of a diphtong, which makes the syllable heavy. d) a syllable ending with –VXC, which makes the syllable superheavy. e) a schwa syllable (@) which makes the syllable weightless Con typefacering only quantity sensitivity, all the heavy syllables are then stressed: Ta.ta.tAs.ta Observations providing evidence that Dutch is quantity-sensitive can then be make: a) Schwa syllables are never stressed b) Antepenultimate stress occurs across an open penultimate syllable but is excluded across a closed (or diphthongal) penult. c) chief(prenominal) stress tends to be non final in VX-final words, versus final in VXC-final words (such as a.gén.da vs. pe.lo.tón) The result of this is that most of the time either closed sylla ble has stress: Data: LHL:         a.gén.da LHH:         Gi.brál.tar LLSH:         le.di.kánt ViVj:         a.zÃjn The accompaniment that the Dutch weight system does not group long vowels (VV) together with closed syllables (VC) in the clas of heavy syllables is very preposterous cross-linguistically. Quantity sensitivity also accounts for the closed syllable constraint and for the schwa-syllable restriction (page 1, under ‘generalisations’) means: Dutch is a system on the job(p) from right to left in assigning feet, because the extrametricality is operating at the end of the words (and this occurs only if the direction is from right to left). some former(a) indicator which can help linguists find the direction is the ‘left-over syllable’ in odd-syllabled words. (for instance in the word Ne.bu.kad.né.zar; in this case the first syllable is left over and it in that locationfore has secondary st ress) Left-headed (trochaic): If the direction and t! he major and minor generalisations are taken into account, the Dutch stress system must be trochaic, since the dominance parameter generates a left-headed rhythm. The following derivations show how the word pyjama receives its stress:                                         *                         *                 *         * * *                 * * *                 * * * LLL         py.ja.ma                 py.ja.ma                 py.ja.ma Anformer(a) argument for the Dutch stress system to be trochaic would be that in devil-syllabic words ending in open (VV) or closed (VC) syllables, the penultimate stress is dominant. We should also note that the crew of dominance (left he aded) and syllable extrametricality captivates the three-window-generalisation. These facts taken together is enough information to say that Dutch is a trochaic-working system. Exceptions: Dutch may be viewed as a motley system with both metrical rules and lexical markings. Dominant patterns are generated by metrical rules (combined with late extrametricality), whereas recessive ones ask for lexical markings.
Recessive patterns are: (I)                                                                 stress a)         LLL         lexical stress on final L-syllable         Pánama     !             antepenultimate b)         LLH         no extrametricality                 pelotón                 final c)         LLSH         idiosyncratic extrametricality         NÃcolaas                 antepenultimate (II) d)         LLL         lexical stress on final L, no                         extrametricality                         chocolá                 final e)         LLH         lexical stress on penultimate L         Celébes                 penultimate In group I there is prespecified stress on final or prefinal light syllables, in group II there are lexical markings with respect to extrametricality. I n a) , extra extrametricality can be engraft. In b), there is no extrametricality and there is a prefinal lexical stress. In c) and d), again a lack of extrametricality. In e), finally, there is additional extrametricality again. The following table gives a tend of the lexical markings in Dutch. It also visualises the possible exceptions. FLS stands for Final prespecified lexical Stress, and PLS stands for Prefinal prespecified Lexical Stress.         ANT         PEN         FIN -VV#         FLS                 FLS (-extrametricality) -VC#                 PLS         -extrametricality -VXC#         + extrametricality         + extrametricality, PLS         Conclusion: When observating the data given above, one can conclude that Dutch has five dollar bill different types of syllables: open syllables (CVV), closed sylla bles (CVC), diphthongal syllables (CViVj), superheavy! syllables (CVXC) and schwa sylables. The last both types are always confined to the right edge of a word. Secondkly we can conclude that the Dutch stress system is establish upon syllable weight (it is quantity sensitive). The mostimportant evidence for that can be provided by point 2 of the major generalisations. It can also be launch under point b) in the paragraph quantity sensitivity. The Dutch language is trochaic. The proof for that can be found in the paragraphs above. Fourthly, the Dutch stress system can be descruibed as being mixed, with both metrical rules and lexical markings. This is never done, however, at the court of the three-syllable- and the heavy penult- window, or at the address of the schwa-restriction rule which are described in the beginning of this essay. therefor Dutch includes a predictable part and a lexically determined part by which accumulation idiosyncracies reflect degrees of markedness (in other words, here the exceptions are described). In thi s last part devil types can be analysed: lexical markings with respect to extrametricality and prespecified lexical stress on final or prefinal light syllables. Dutch:                                                         side Pre-         si-         dént                                         Pré-         si-         dent L         L         SH                                         L         L         H (*         .)         (*)                                         (*         .)                         *             !                             * Hó-         ri-         zon                                         Ho-         rÃ-         zon L         L         H                                         L         T         H (*         .)                                                 (.         *)         *                                                                 * Fa-         mÃ-         device                                         Fá-         mi-         ly L         L         L                                         L         L         L (.)         (*         .)                                         (*         .)                 *                                                         * If you want to get a full essay, rig it on our website:
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